Intervertebral Disk disease in dogs
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Intervertebral disk disease in dogs can cause a very sudden onset of neck pain, clumsiness in walking where it appears your dog is literally drunk, or in some cases, the inability to walk at all. This extremely painful condition is also known as a ruptured disk, as well as IVDD and it comes in two forms; cervical as well as thoracolumbar disc disease. Each one of these forms will affect different parts of your dog's spine, and as a result, will affect different parts of their body.
Your dog's spine:
In fully understanding this extremely painful disease, it is very helpful for any owner to understand some basics on how a dog's spine is made up. Your dog's spine has several small bones that are referred to as vertebra, and they extend from the base of their skull all the way to their tail. They are interconnected by very flexible disks that are in turn made up of a cartilage type of material. These are referred to as the intervertebral disks, and their major function is to provide cushioning between each of the bones.
When this all works in unison, it allows your dog to move their neck, their spine, and to change positions as well as posture. It is also this function that allows your dog to bend and move their tail.
Each of these vertebra has a tunnel that runs through it, and this is where the spinal cord passes. They are protected by the bone that surrounds it throughout these tunnels, with a few exceptions; the places between the vertebrae where they run over the tops of these disks. The strength of these disks is critical to the spinal cord, as it is made up of a mass of nerve fibers that basically runs back and forth between your dog's brain and the entire body.
If they become weak or something else damages them, intervertebral disk disease can develop.
What exactly is it?
Intervertebral disk disease in dogs can occur when one of these disks becomes weak as your dog ages, or it can become weak as the result of an accident or traumatic event that has occurred. It can also rupture which will cause a portion of the disk to literally protrude in an upward direction. When this occurs, it begins to place a tremendous amount of pressure on your dog's spinal cord, and this is referred to as a ruptured or a herniated disk. This event can occur very suddenly, where it is referred to as acute, or develop very slowly over an extended period of time, where it is considered to be chronic.
However, whatever the time frame is, it places pressure on your dog's spinal cord and this pressure will prevent or dramatically reduce the amount of nerve transmissions that are running along their spinal cord. There are two major type of intervertebral disk disease in dogs; cervical and thoracolumbar, also known as TL.
Cervical Disk Disease:
The first form of intervertebral disk disease in dogs is referred to as cervical disk disease, and it places pressure on your dog's discs that are on or around their neck area. The exact cause of this form is not fully understood, but in many cases there is a change in the content of the disk. It can change from a soft and very pliable gel like substance, to a very stiff material. When this occurs, one of two things may happen; it will slowly depress your dog's spinal cord, or it will literally explode into their spinal cord. The disks that are located in this affected area can affect your dog's front legs and their back legs, but to a much lesser degree.
It can also affect one side of their body, or if it severe enough, both sides. The most common symptoms with this form of intervertebral disk disease are neck pain. This neck pain may be mild where it only causes discomfort in your dog, or it can be severe. As it starts to become severe, your dog will begin to walk very clumsily and appear as they are literally drunk. This is a real warning sign as the next symptom is about to occur; a complete paralysis in all four legs. When this happens, your dog will have absolutely no feeling or sensations in their legs at all. If this loss of sensation is deep enough, your dog may have no chance of surviving.
This form can affect any breed at any time; however, there are some breeds that are more predisposed than others. These breeds include Basset Hounds, Beagles, Cocker Spaniels, as well as Dachshunds. Pekingese, Shih Tzus, Lhasa Apos, and Corgis are also at a higher risk of these ruptures.
Thoracolumbar Disc Disease:
The next form of intervertebral disk disease in dogs is referred to as thoracolumbar disc disease, or TL. This is a situation where the pressure is placed on your dog's spinal cord in their thoracolumbar area of their back, and is considered to be the most common spinal disorder in dogs. When this disc becomes affected, it involves your dog's mid-portion of their body and affects their rear legs. The early signs with this form of the disease are also back pain as well as a complete reluctance to play or move in some cases.
They will also become extremely reluctant to climb stairs because of this pressure, and will yelp or cry out when you make any attempt to touch them. If it advances to the severe stage, it can also paralyze all four of your dog's legs. The same predisposed breeds are subject to this form of the disease.
Treatments:
The treatments for intervertebral disk disease in dogs is basically the same for both kinds of the disease; medical or surgical.
With the medical form of treatment, if the disease is considered to be mild to moderate, strict rest will be required. It may also involve placing your dog in a cage to ensure this rest is followed through. In the early stages muscle relaxants and steroids will be given. And if it does not improve, your dog may have to be hospitalized and given intravenous steroids. However, it is the vast majority of cases; medical management has not proven to be successful.
If this is the case, the only option you may have left is surgical treatments. Your veterinarian will run a series of tests to determine the location of the disc that is affected, and then they will drill into a small window of bone in the underside of your dog's spinal bones, usually on both sides of the affected disc area. This will allow access to the ruptured material where it can be removed from their spinal canal. In this case, however, it has been quite successful, although your dog will not be cured instantly.
This process will take the pressure off of the spinal cord which allows it to begin to heal, but it does nothing to the spinal cord itself. Only time will allow it to heal, but there is a bright side. The spinal canal in your dog is at its largest though the neck region, and because of this, it is a lot more tolerant. However, if the ruptured disk is located in the thoracolumbar, it may take longer to heal.
Summary:
Intervertebral disk disease in dogs is an extremely painful ordeal and surgery may be the only possible solution. Because of this, the expense may be prohibitive to some owners and you may have a very difficult decision to make. If you can afford this process or have insurance, your dog has a very good chance at full recovery. However, if they have lost what is called a deep sensation in their legs as a result of this process, even surgery may not be successful.
I am an avid lover of pets and my wife and I have had several pets throughout our years. We are especially fond of dogs, and we have a 12 year old Dalmatian (our 3rd) and a "mutt" that we rescued when someone threw him away to die in a vacant field.
He found us, nearly starved to death, and weighed about 2 pounds.
After severe bouts of mange and severe dehydration, and over 1,000.00 in veterinarian bills, we saved the little guys life, and he is one of the best, if not the best, dogs we have ever had and today is a muscular, fit, and firm 70 pound best friend.
After finishing my MBA, which at middle age was not easy, I decided to keep the research work ethics that I acquired, and devote about two hours each night in understanding the health benefits of supplementation for both humans and pets and how they might strengthen our, as well as our pets, immune system in a pre-emptive approach to health rather than a reactionary approach.
Both of my daughters are avid cat lovers, and asked me to help them with health concerns and challenges with their cats.
I am not a veterinarian nor claim to be, just a lover of pets that loves to research and pass on some knowledge that might be helpful, or at least stimulating to the thought process.
Several of the articles that I have written can be found on my website;
Liquid Vitamins & Minerals for Humans & Pets http://www.liquid-vitamins-minerals-humans-pets.com/
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Frank_Will
http://EzineArticles.com/5201554
12:46 AM | Labels: disease, Intervertebral |
Copper storage disease in dogs
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Copper storage disease in dogs can occur in any dog at any time; however, there are some breeds that seem have a much higher probability of developing this potential killer. It can attack your dog in three different stages; sub clinical, acute, or chronic and very progressive. If this disease is not identified quickly once the symptoms start to appear and it reaches the severe stage, it can rapidly take your dog's life.
What is it?
Copper storage disease in dogs is also known as Canine copper hepatotoxicosis, and is a situation where there is an excessive accumulation of cooper in your dog's liver. It is believed that these abnormal accumulations are the result of the inability to pass cooper properly from their food. In normal circumstances, any excess of copper passes very naturally from your dog's body and there are never any issues. However, in this case, the copper does not pass properly and builds to very dangerous levels in your dog.
Once this occurs, it can very easily lead to hepatitis or something even worse, cirrhosis of the liver. Cirrhosis of the liver in dogs is usually the result of severe damage as well as scarring of the liver over a long period of time. The actual cause of copper storage disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to be the result of an inherited condition that causes the metabolism process of this mineral to malfunction. It may also be the result of an abnormal binding of copper to certain proteins in your dog's liver, as well as abnormal copper secretion in their bile.
Although the actual cause is not known, what is known is that can be fatal if it becomes serious, and it does seem to be inherited as it primarily occurs in certain breeds.
Breeds affected:
Copper storage disease in dogs can affect any breed, but it is much more common in some breeds. And what makes this disease even more of a mystery, is the fact that the affected breeds seem to be attacked in different ways.
The most commonly affected breed is Bedlington Terriers, but it can and does also develop in Doberman Pinchers, West Highland White Terriers, as well as Skye Terriers. It also affects Labrador Retrievers, Spaniels, and Keeshonds. However, there are four of these breeds that are affected much more seriously, and all seem to be in different ways.
It is estimated that over 60 percent of all Bedlington Terriers are affected by this disease, and as a result, it causes hepatitis. In this breed, it is a very strong theory that they have some type of an inherited defect that causes metabolic issues. These metabolic issues or breakdowns in turn cause copper to remain in their liver instead of being eliminated. Doberman Pinchers face the exact same risk factor; however, they are also much more prone to develop cirrhosis of the liver as well. However, this is where another mystery with copper storage disease in dogs comes into play; the high levels of concentrations in the liver are not present in all affected breeds.
In fact, there have been several reported cases where Dobermans can have the same amounts of liver damage but with much lower concentrations of copper levels. Skye Terriers also develop chronic hepatitis as well as cirrhosis of the liver, but their high levels of copper concentrations are believed to be the result of a disorder of their bile secretions. West Highland White Terriers also develop this disease as the result of excess levels of copper concentrations, but for some reason, they will show very few clinical signs of the disease.
Types of Copper Storage Disease:
Copper storage disease in dogs develops in three different types or stages; sub clinical, sudden acute and chronic progressive. In the sub clinical stage of this disease, your dog is being affected in their internal organs but they are not showing any signs at all of the damage that is being done to them. Because of this, there is still no change in their behavior or are they showing any symptoms.
When it hits the next stage, the sudden acute stage, it becomes an entirely different story. In this phase, your dog can develop hepatic necrosis that can do two things; result in the death of your dog's liver as well as the death of your dog.
The chronic progressive stage seems to affect middle aged dogs where it causes severe hepatitis. If it is not treated by this stage, it can rapidly lead to cirrhosis of your dog's liver which will eventually take their life.
Symptoms:
Copper storage disease in dogs will show an entire litany of symptoms. In the acute form of this disease, the first symptom that you will see is anemia. This will be very easy to spot as several parts of your dog's body will become pale because of low red blood cells counts. This will include their gums as well as any other moist membranes. Your dog may also start to exhibit dark urine as the result of bilirubin.
Bilirubin is the breakdown of heme that is found in the hemoglobin of your dog's blood, and it is excreted in their bile and urine. If you see dark urine, something is very wrong.
In this stage your dog will also start to develop jaundice, which causes a yellowish tint in your dog's skin and muscle membranes. In the chronic progressive stage, there are different symptoms to watch for. The first is usually an abdominal distention as the result of fluids building up, as well as all the same symptoms of anemia. In this stage your dog will also become extremely thirsty, and as a result will start to urinate frequently as their liver is basically starting to die.
Their nervous system may also become affected in this stage as it is unable to breakdown the ammonia that naturally accumulates. However, both of these forms may also show some other symptoms; bleeding from the gums and their nostrils, as well as severe diarrhea and vomiting.
Treatments:
Treatments for copper storage disease in dogs will all depend on the severity as well as the actual symptoms. Drugs may be used to chelate or bind the copper to assist your dog's body in increasing the urinary extraction of copper. Zinc acetate also helps to bind and prevent coppers absorption into your dog's body. Vitamin E is also supplied as an antioxidant therapy that helps to reduce the damage to the liver. Vitamin C should be totally avoided as it may actually increase the coppers damage to the liver. However, none of these treatments should be done without the direct supervision of your veterinarian.
Summary:
Copper storage disease in dogs is a very serious and life threatening disease. Once you see any of the signs, you need to have your dog examined as quickly as possible. If it is allowed to run its course and advances to the serious stages, it could rapidly take their life.
I am an avid lover of pets and my wife and I have had several pets throughout our years. We are especially fond of dogs, and we have a 12 year old Dalmatian (our 3rd) and a "mutt" that we rescued when someone threw him away to die in a vacant field.
He found us, nearly starved to death, and weighed about 2 pounds.
After severe bouts of mange and severe dehydration, and over 1,000.00 in veterinarian bills, we saved the little guys life, and he is one of the best, if not the best, dogs we have ever had and today is a muscular, fit, and firm 70 pound best friend.
After finishing my MBA, which at middle age was not easy, I decided to keep the research work ethics that I acquired, and devote about two hours each night in understanding the health benefits of supplementation for both humans and pets and how they might strengthen our, as well as our pets, immune system in a pre-emptive approach to health rather than a reactionary approach.
Both of my daughters are avid cat lovers, and asked me to help them with health concerns and challenges with their cats.
I am not a veterinarian nor claim to be, just a lover of pets that loves to research and pass on some knowledge that might be helpful, or at least stimulating to the thought process.
Several of the articles that I have written can be found on my website, Liquid Vitamns & Minerals for Humans & Pets - http://www.liquid-vitamins-minerals-humans-pets.com/
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Frank_Will
http://EzineArticles.com/5213971
